introduction to networking

INTRODUCTON TO NETWORKING

Networking is a process of connecting two or more devices connected together for the purpose of sharing resource. The connection between computer
s / devices can be done via cabling or wireless. Connected computers can share resources, like access to internet, printers, file and others
    OR
    Networking is a process of connecting two or more devices for sharing through the networking computer share information such as email file document and printers internet and disk storage.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NETWORK
In network design and ongoing maintenance the following characteristics should be considered:

1. Cost
2. Security
3. Speed
4. Topologies
5. Scalabilit
6. Reliabilit
7. Availability

Cost - it includes the cost of the network component and installation and also their cost of maintenance.
Security – it includes the network component protection and the data these components contain and also the data is transmitted between them.
Speed – it includes how fast data is transmitted between network end point. It is otherwise known as the data rate.
Topology – it describe the cabling layout and the logical way of data movement between component.
Scalability – it define how the network adapts to new growth, including new users network component and application.
Reliability – it define the network components reliability and their connectivity. Mean time between failures (MTBF) is a measurement which is commonly used to indicate the likelihood of a component failing.
  Availability – it measures the likelihood of the network being available to the users
To build a network you need three components. They are ,

1. Computer
2. Networking and
3. Media

Computer - component such as PC and file servers running Macintosh OS, Microsoft window, xp , window 7, Linux. Or other operating system is responsible for providing the users with application.
Network - component such as hubs, bridges, switches, router, firewalls, modems, wireless access points, NT1s and channel service units / data service unit (CSU/DSU) are responsible for moving data between computer   
Media types - such as fiber cabling or copper are required  to connect the computers and networking component so that data or information can be shared between component. This is includes the wireless communication.



THIS TABLE SHOW YOU THE NETWORKING LOCATION

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LAN)
 Local Area Networks or (LAN) are used to connect networking device that are in a close geographic area such as within a floor of a building or a building itself or also within a campus. LAN consist of PC file server hubs switches bridges router multilayer switches firewall voice gateways and other devise. Copper and fiber cabling are the media types used in LANS.
WIDE AREA NETWORKS(WAN)
Wide area networks or (WAN) are used to connect the LAN together. When the LAN that most be connected are separated by a large distance then WAN are used to connect them. A corporation can provide its own infrastructure for a LAN, but WAN are eased from carrier network such as internet service providers or ISP and telephone companies.
 in a WAN service four basic types of connection or circuit are used. They are
Circuit – switched
Cell – switched
Packet – switched
Dedicated connections.

TOPOLOGY OF NETWORK

Various types of topologies can be used for cabling up your network components. A topology define how the component are connected. Examples.
1. Point to point topology two component are connected by single connection and in this point to point topology two component can directly communicated without interference from other components. When many component need to be connected together these types of connection are not used. Two routers connected across a dedicated WAN circuit is the perfect example of point to point topology.


    

 

2. Star topology central device has point to point connection to many other component these kinds of topology are used in Environments where many component need to be connected. A 10baseT Ethernet is the best example of  a media type that use a star topology. When connecting of component together you connect your computer to a hub or switch which is the centre of the star topology. But if the centre of the star fails no component can communicate with each other. But an extended star topology can be use to solve this problem. An extended star topology is nothing but multiple interconnection star topology. 

3. Bus topology all component are connected to a single wire and they also share a single wire. Bus topology is used by certain media types such as 10base5 and 10base2 Ethernet.

4. Ring topology device one is connected to device two and similarly device two is connected to device three and so on and the last device is connected back to device one. These kinds of topology ‘can be implemented with a single ring or a dual ring when you require redundancy then dual ring are used. So if one of the component fails in the ring the ring will wrap itself.

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